earth:geohammers:k_bce_events
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earth:geohammers:k_bce_events [2017/09/12 01:22] khavikanum |
earth:geohammers:k_bce_events [2022/05/20 22:46] (current) khavikanum |
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| - | ====== Thousands of Years Before Common Era (BCE) Events ====== | + | ====== Before Common Era (BCE) Events ====== |
| Thousands of years before Common Era (BCE) events; BCE replacing BC in most calendar events. | Thousands of years before Common Era (BCE) events; BCE replacing BC in most calendar events. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Okmok Volcano, 43 BCE ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Aleutian Island volcano that caused crop failures in the Roman Republic and the Pharaonic Egypt, ushering in a new age in the Mediterranean region. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Okmok]]\\ | ||
| + | [[https://www.geologyin.com/2020/12/alaska-islands-may-be-part-of-single.html?fbclid=IwAR1qHoidS6IDjZbgko_DWoWSohoIGt1Z_Nxe7TjYMKjjar28Psd9ytKEGaY]]\\ | ||
| ==== Bond Event 2, Iron Age Cold Epoch, 450 BCE ==== | ==== Bond Event 2, Iron Age Cold Epoch, 450 BCE ==== | ||
| Line 46: | Line 53: | ||
| Bauer, Susan. 2007. The History of the Ancient World: From the Earliest Accounts to the Fall of Rome. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-393-05974-8 | Bauer, Susan. 2007. The History of the Ancient World: From the Earliest Accounts to the Fall of Rome. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-393-05974-8 | ||
| - | ==== Minoan Eruption, 1620s BCE ==== | + | ==== Minoan Eruption, mid1500s BCE ==== |
| Minoan eruption of Thera releases 24 cubic miles of debris and destroys the nearly circular caldera already present. Some speculate that this could have been the seed for the stories of Atlantis. Others speculate that this eruption triggered the plagues of Egypt as mentioned in the Bible. Exact dating remains questioned, and the VEI is estimated at 7. | Minoan eruption of Thera releases 24 cubic miles of debris and destroys the nearly circular caldera already present. Some speculate that this could have been the seed for the stories of Atlantis. Others speculate that this eruption triggered the plagues of Egypt as mentioned in the Bible. Exact dating remains questioned, and the VEI is estimated at 7. | ||
| Line 52: | Line 59: | ||
| [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoan_eruption]] | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoan_eruption]] | ||
| - | ==== Aniakchak Eruption, 1645 BCE ==== | + | ==== Aniakchak Eruption, 1628 BCE ==== |
| - | Mount Aniakchak is an Aleutian volcano in Alaska, which underwent a VEI 6 around the same time as the Minoan eruption, confusing ice cores trying to date the Greek island eruption. The current caldera last erupted in 1931. | + | Mount Aniakchak is an Aleutian volcano in Alaska, which underwent a VEI 6 around the same time as the Minoan eruption, confusing ice cores trying to date the Greek island eruption. The eruption was apparently a high-sulfur release which significantly cooled the planet. |
| - | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Aniakchak]] | + | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Aniakchak]]\\ |
| + | [[https://phys.org/news/2022-05-home-thera-volcano-eruption-date.html]]\\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Tel Kabri Earthquake, 1700 BCE ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | A Canaanite palace at Tel Kabri collapsed due to an earthquake. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[https://phys.org/news/2020-09-ancient-earthquake-destruction-canaanite-palace.html]] | ||
| ==== Harappan Collapse, 1900 BCE ==== | ==== Harappan Collapse, 1900 BCE ==== | ||
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| [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henbury_Meteorites_Conservation_Reserve]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henbury_Meteorites_Conservation_Reserve]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Temple Culture of Malta Collapses, 2350 BCE ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Thousands of years of occupation on the Isle of Malta falters and then ends with a dust storm of possibly volcanic origin. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[https://getpocket.com/explore/item/why-a-thriving-civilization-in-malta-collapsed-4-000-years-ago?utm_source=pocket-newtab]] | ||
| ==== Global Droughts, 2429 BCE ==== | ==== Global Droughts, 2429 BCE ==== | ||
| Line 140: | Line 160: | ||
| Linked to a 1500 year climate cycle, the oscillation was first identified by Swiss botanist Heinrich Zoller. This was a pulse of freezing temperatures not quite as bad as the Younger Dryas event, but still significant, none-the-less. Most scientists apparently agree that the "6.2 kiloyear event" (as it's more commonly called) is linked to a meltwater pulse that threw off the thermohaline current. | Linked to a 1500 year climate cycle, the oscillation was first identified by Swiss botanist Heinrich Zoller. This was a pulse of freezing temperatures not quite as bad as the Younger Dryas event, but still significant, none-the-less. Most scientists apparently agree that the "6.2 kiloyear event" (as it's more commonly called) is linked to a meltwater pulse that threw off the thermohaline current. | ||
| - | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8.2_kiloyear_event]] | + | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8.2_kiloyear_event]]\\ |
| + | |||
| + | ==== Storegga Slides, 6225-6170 BCE ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Three different collapses of the Norwegian continental shelf cause tsunamis throughout Northern Europe, and likely swept Doggerland in devestating floods. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storegga_Slide]]\\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Mount Okmok, 6.3k BCE ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Mount Okmok in the Aleutian Islands went off with a VEI 6. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Okmok]] | ||
| - | ==== Ilinsky eruption, 6.4k BCE ==== | + | ==== Ilinsky eruption, 6460-6414k BCE ==== |
| Kurile Lake in the Kamchatka range of Russia is the remains of a VEI 7 caldera. | Kurile Lake in the Kamchatka range of Russia is the remains of a VEI 7 caldera. | ||
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| [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Agassiz]]\\ | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Agassiz]]\\ | ||
| - | ==== Gobekli-Tepe Comet, 10950 BCE ==== | + | ==== Younger Dryas, 10.8K ==== |
| - | Archaeologists interpret the Gobekli-Tepe Vulture Stone to corroborate an ice-core indicator of cometary impact. The devastation of the Laurentide ice sheet, micrometeors in mammoth tusks from the timeframe, and other data seem to support the impact. | + | The Younger Dryas event was a period of extreme cooling theoretically caused by an abrupt change in the North Atlantic thermohaline current, brought about by the Lockhart phase of Lake Agassiz flooding down the Hudson; this event was probably brought about by an impact event. Recent evidence indicates the cooling occurred within the span of mere months as the thermohaline current shut down. The time period also coincides with 1500y solar cycles, which have been implicated in repeating cooling events. Other evidence points towards this being the start of the Anthropocene, due to men wiping out the huge methane producers of the age, although the cometary impact evidence has begun edging this out. Global de-cooling begins to take place after this event, leading to deluges that heralded many of the great flood stories. Monsoon changes in the Sahara made it a lush plainsland with gigantic lakes, and at least two groups of peoples (the Kiffians first, and the Tenerians at least a thousand years later). |
| - | + | ||
| - | [[https://phys.org/news/2017-04-ancient-stone-pillars-clues-comet.html]]\\ | + | |
| - | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Dryas_impact_hypothesis]]\\ | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==== Younger Dryas, 12.8K BCE ==== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | The Younger Dryas event was a period of extreme cooling theoretically caused by an abrupt change in the North Atlantic thermohaline current, brought about by the Lockhart phase of Lake Agassiz flooding down the Hudson; this event was probably brought about by a cometary impact. Recent evidence indicates the cooling occurred within the span of mere months as the thermohaline current shut down. The time period also coincides with 1500y solar cycles, which have been implicated in repeating cooling events. Other evidence points towards this being the start of the Anthropocene, due to men wiping out the huge methane producers of the age, although the cometary impact evidence has begun edging this out. Global de-cooling begins to take place after this event, leading to deluges that heralded many of the great flood stories. Monsoon changes in the Sahara made it a lush plainsland with gigantic lakes, and at least two groups of peoples (the Kiffians first, and the Tenerians at least a thousand years later). | + | |
| [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Dryas]]\\ | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Dryas]]\\ | ||
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| [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Agassiz]]\\ | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Agassiz]]\\ | ||
| - | The smoking gun for a cometary airburst creating massive wildfires and instantly melting a great deal of glacial ice (to shut down the thermohaline current) was found with iridium and platinum in ice core samples. | + | Abu Hureyra in Syria may have been a secondary impact site during this time.\\ |
| + | |||
| + | [[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-60867-w]]\\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | The smoking gun for a cometary airburst or impact creating massive wildfires and instantly melting a great deal of glacial ice (to shut down the thermohaline current) was found with iridium and platinum in ice core samples. A tentative crater has been identified in Greenland beneath the **Hiawatha Crater**. | ||
| [[http://phys.org/news/2013-08-evidence-cosmic-impact-younger-dryas.html]]\\ | [[http://phys.org/news/2013-08-evidence-cosmic-impact-younger-dryas.html]]\\ | ||
| - | [[http://phys.org/news/2015-07-cataclysmic-event-age.html]] | + | [[http://phys.org/news/2015-07-cataclysmic-event-age.html]]\\ |
| + | [[http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/11/eaar8173]]\\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | A simultaneous VEI 6 in Germany known as Laacher See has been implicated as a factor in the Younger Dryas. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laacher_See]]\\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | A global firestorm (10% of earth's surface on fire) may have followed the impact. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[https://www.sciencealert.com/a-firestorm-bigger-than-the-one-that-killed-the-dinosaurs-triggered-an-ice-age-13-000-years-ago]]\\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Gobekli-Tepe Comet, 10950 BCE ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Archaeologists interpret the Gobekli-Tepe Vulture Stone to corroborate an ice-core indicator of cometary impact. The devastation of the Laurentide ice sheet, micrometeors in mammoth tusks from the timeframe, and other data seem to support the impact. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[https://phys.org/news/2017-04-ancient-stone-pillars-clues-comet.html]]\\ | ||
| + | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Dryas_impact_hypothesis]]\\ | ||
| ==== H1 Megadrought, 16.8k BCE ==== | ==== H1 Megadrought, 16.8k BCE ==== | ||
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| [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlegraean_Fields]]\\ | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlegraean_Fields]]\\ | ||
| [[http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20170724-would-a-supervolcano-eruption-wipe-us-out]]\\ | [[http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20170724-would-a-supervolcano-eruption-wipe-us-out]]\\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Laschamp Event, 41.4k BCE ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Earth's magnetic field reversed for centuries, resulting in significant cosmic ray and ultraviolet light bombardment. The low magnetic field component at 42.2 to 41.5k years ago has been called the Adams Transitional Geomagnetic Event, where field strength dropped to 6% of its modern level -- and could have caused the extinction of Australian megafauna and neanderthals, and the use of ochre to protect the skin from UV light, higher cave usage, more cave paintings, auroras seen globally, and a psychological 'end of the world'. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laschamp_event]]\\ | ||
| + | [[https://newatlas.com/environment/ancient-tree-geomagnetic-field-shift-environment-chaos/?fbclid=IwAR1SCEy3DcBh7ueg9UdeDgeKuM3guzWZXQzWOJiNjV-6d_K-4dmoVzT9lhU]]\\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Yilan Crater, 46-53k BCE ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Mile-wide crater in Northeast China appears to date to between 46,000 and 53,000 years ago, based on radiocarbon dating of nearby lake sediments. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yilan_crater]]\\ | ||
| ==== Lake Toba, and the First Exodus, c72K BCE ==== | ==== Lake Toba, and the First Exodus, c72K BCE ==== | ||
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| [[http://phys.org/news/2012-06-infectious-disease-human.html]] | [[http://phys.org/news/2012-06-infectious-disease-human.html]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Las Canadas Caldera Forms, c150k BCE ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | VEI 5 level eruption in the Canary Islands contributes to the modern shape of Mount Teide, second only to Mauna Kea in absolute height. If a flank collapse buried or submerged significant archaeological information, then then Teide could still be a source of the tales of Atlantis, with the location more closely matching Plato's descriptions. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teide]] | ||
| + | [[https://phys.org/news/2018-01-large-volcanic-island-flank-collapses.html]] | ||
| ==== Modern Man Emerges, c200k BCE ==== | ==== Modern Man Emerges, c200k BCE ==== | ||
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| ==== Long Valley Caldera, 760k BCE ==== | ==== Long Valley Caldera, 760k BCE ==== | ||
| - | A large magma chamber in eastern California near Mammoth Mountain blows in a VEI 7 eruption. The area still hosts hot springs and a geothermal plant, but the magma is gone from the pool. The crater filled with water at some point and formed a lake that drained roughly 100,000 years ago. Ash from the eruption likely covered much of the western United States. | + | A large magma chamber in eastern California near Mammoth Mountain blows in a VEI 7 eruption. The area still hosts hot springs and a geothermal plant, but very little magma remains in the pool. The crater filled with water at some point and formed a lake that drained roughly 100,000 years ago. Ash from the eruption likely covered much of the western United States. |
| [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Valley_Caldera]]\\ | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Valley_Caldera]]\\ | ||
earth/geohammers/k_bce_events.1505179329.txt.gz · Last modified: 2017/09/12 01:22 by khavikanum
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